Was een beetje off-topic in de homeopathie-thread.
Onderstaande artikelen zijn de eerste paar die ik vond van de 69 (!!) onderzoeken die aantonen dat er géén link bestaat tussen vaccinatie en autisme. Eén artikel is speciaal geschreven om bezorgde ouders gerust te stellen.
De artikelen zijn niet in de minste tijdschriften gepubliceerd. JAMA (Journal of the American Medical Association) heeft bijvoorbeeld behoorlijk goede papieren.
Ik zou me dus maar niet al te druk maken over de vaccinatie, in tegenstelling tot mazelen, polio en rode hond. Toen ik op de baby-afdeling werkte heb ik wel de gevolgen kunnen zien die rode-hond infectie bij een zwangere vrouw op een baby kunnen hebben. Daar wordt je niet vrolijk van!!
TI: Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and the development of autism.
AU: Miller,-E
AD: Immunisation Division, Public Health Laboratory Service, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
Emiller@phls.org.uk JN: Seminars-in-pediatric-infectious-diseases
PY: 2003
CP: United-States
AB: The measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine has been postulated to cause a form of autism characterized by regression and bowel symptoms, and onset occurring shortly after vaccination. It is also claimed that, as a result, there has been a dramatic increase in autism prevalence. These hypotheses have now been tested in a number of epidemiologic studies that are reviewed in this article. None has found any evidence of the existence of a phenotypically distinct form of autism in children who received the MMR vaccine or of a clustering of onset symptoms in children who are autistic after receiving the MMR vaccine. There is no proof that the overall risk of autism is higher in children who were vaccinated with MMR or of an increase in autism prevalence associated with the use of the MMR vaccine. No epidemiologic evidence suggests an association between MMR vaccination and autism. Moreover, epidemiologic evidence against such an association is compelling. TI: Association between thimerosal-containing vaccine and autism.
AU: Hviid,-A; Stellfeld,-M; Wohlfahrt,-J; Melbye,-M
AD: Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
aii@ssi.dk SO: JAMA. 2003 Oct 1; 290(13): 1763-6
JN: JAMA-the-journal-of-the-American-Medical-Association
PY: 2003
CP: United-States
AB: CONTEXT: Mercuric compounds are nephrotoxic and neurotoxic at high doses. Thimerosal, a preservative used widely in vaccine formulations, contains ethylmercury. Thus it has been suggested that childhood vaccination with thimerosal-containing vaccine could be causally related to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether vaccination with a thimerosal-containing vaccine is associated with development of autism. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Population-based cohort study of all children born in Denmark from January 1, 1990, until December 31, 1996 (N = 467 450) comparing children vaccinated with a thimerosal-containing vaccine with children vaccinated with a thimerosal-free formulation of the same vaccine. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rate ratio (RR) for autism and other autistic-spectrum disorders, including trend with dose of ethylmercury. RESULTS: During 2 986 654 person-years, we identified 440 autism cases and 787 cases of other autistic-spectrum disorders.
The risk of autism and other autistic-spectrum disorders did not differ significantly between children vaccinated with thimerosal-containing vaccine and children vaccinated with thimerosal-free vaccine (RR, 0.85 [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.60-1.20] for autism; RR, 1.12 [95% CI, 0.88-1.43] for other autistic-spectrum disorders). Furthermore, we found no evidence of a dose-response association (increase in RR per 25 microg of ethylmercury, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.90-1.06] for autism and 1.03 [95% CI, 0.98-1.09] for other autistic-spectrum disorders). CONCLUSION: The results do not support a causal relationship between childhood vaccination with thimerosal-containing vaccines and development of autistic-spectrum disorders. TI: Immunization issues for the 21st century.
AU: Frenkel,-L-D; Nielsen,-K
AD: Department of Pediatrics University of Illinois, College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, Illinois 61107, USA.
lfrenkel@uic.edu SO: Ann-Allergy-Asthma-Immunol. 2003 Jun; 90(6 Suppl 3): 45-52
CP: United-States
AB: OBJECTIVE: Review and discuss major issues of vaccination and immunization. The development and application of vaccination and immunization is one of the most remarkable successes of the 20th century. This is true both in the United States and worldwide. In the United States, a number of vaccine-preventable diseases have been all but eliminated through the development of a recommended childhood immunization schedule by governmental and nongovernmental organizations, education of providers about these recommendations, and enforcement of these recommendations by school and day care entry mandates. Despite these successes, vaccine-preventable diseases continue to occur, in part because of missed opportunities by health care providers, antivaccine forces empowered by misguided mass media, and parental ignorance. Important aspects of the 2002 recommended childhood immunization schedule are reviewed, including: birth dose hepatitis B, diphtheria underimmunization and tetanus overimmunization, increasing pertussis disease, the success of conjugate vaccines, the change in poliovirus vaccines, measles vaccine and autism, the safety of varicella vaccine, and adult vaccination recommendations. Finally, future prospects for vaccination and immunization are discussed, including: combination vaccines, vaccines against new diseases such as rotavirus, new routes of delivery of immunizing agents, the use of computerized vaccine registries to prevent missed opportunities, and vaccines against bioterrorism agents. CONCLUSIONS:
A careful analysis of risk and benefit suggests that the benefit of vaccination far outweighs the risks from the utilization of immunizing agents. Vaccination delayed may be protection denied. The bottom line is that vaccines are good and disease is bad. TI: Measles, mumps and rubella vaccine, autism and inflammatory bowel disease: advising concerned parents.
AU: Elliman,-D-A; Bedford,-H-E
AD: Department of Child Health, St George's Hospital, Tooting, London,
JN: Paediatric-drugs
CP: New-Zealand
AB: Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine has been used for almost 30 years in the US, 20 years in Sweden and Finland, and over 10 years in most of the rest of Europe. During this time, it has brought about a dramatic reduction in the morbidity and mortality due to measles and mumps, as well as a considerable reduction in the number of babies with the congenital rubella syndrome. In spite of extensive evidence confirming the efficacy and safety of the vaccine, concerns have recently been raised about a possible link with autism and bowel problems. These arose principally from a research group in the UK, but have now spread to other countries. In the UK this has caused a fall in the uptake of the vaccine with fears of possible outbreaks of measles and mumps in some groups of children.
Over the last 3 years a number of studies have addressed this possible link between MMR and autism and inflammatory bowel disease. Studies from the US, UK, Sweden, and Finland have all failed to demonstrate a link. Amongst others, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, the Institute of Medicine, and the World Health Organization have all considered the evidence and endorsed the continuing use of the vaccine. No regulatory body in the world has changed its policy as a result of this hypothesized link. Professionals and parents can be assured that MMR is well tried and tested and one of the most successful interventions in healthcare.